Selected Answer
There are two issues here. One is the protected view, the other the Read Only status.
Excel doesn't open workbooks containing unsigned code. Even if this feature could be turned off that couldn't be recommended because you may not be the only one sending workbooks to the recipient. Malicious code can easily be designed to run when a workbook is opened and install all kinds of programs (viruses). Asking the user whether to trust the received workbook is a necessary safety feature. You can work around it by signing your code and asking the recipient to trust code signed by you. That is a setting on his computer.
I'm not familiar with Office 365. It's possible that the workbook is opened ReadOnly by default and would lose that status only if the user saves a copy. This would safeguard the integrity of the attachment. If the workbook copy retains the ReadOnly status it's likely that the workbook was given that status upon sending, perhaps by the email client.